The Gulf War is often overshadowed by other historical conflicts. However, it is a pivotal moment in modern history. This article will provide you with a detailed overview of the Gulf War, its causes, key events and lasting impact. For a more detailed exploration of the Gulf War, you can head to our featured article here. By the end of this post, you will understand why this conflict is significant in the study of history. You will have a solid foundation on its importance.

Follow us on Instagram, Facebook and LinkedIn.

What Was the Gulf War?

The Gulf War, also known as the Persian Gulf War, occurred from August 1990 to February 1991. This conflict was primarily between Iraq, led by President Saddam Hussein. A coalition of forces from 34 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, opposed Iraq. The war began because Iraq invaded Kuwait on August 2, 1990. This invasion was motivated by economic issues. It also stemmed from territorial disputes.

Causes of the Gulf War

To understand the Gulf War’s causes, we must examine the political context of the Middle East. It is also essential to consider the economic context in the late 20th century. Here are the main factors:

1. Iraq’s Economic Troubles: After the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), Iraq was left in significant debt. Saddam Hussein sought to erase this debt by seizing Kuwait’s oil reserves, which were among the largest in the world.
2. Territorial Disputes: Iraq historically claimed Kuwait as part of its territory. The desire to reclaim this land played a crucial role in Hussein’s decision to invade.
3. Global Oil Politics: The Gulf region’s strategic importance, particularly concerning oil, made it a hotspot for international tensions. The invasion posed a direct threat to global oil supplies and economic stability.
4. The Role of the United States: Following Iraq’s invasion, the United States and other nations formed a coalition to respond. The U.S. was motivated by the desire to protect its oil interests. It was also committed to upholding international law and order.

Key Events of the Gulf War

The Gulf War can be divided into several critical phases:

1. The Invasion of Kuwait (August 2, 1990):

Iraq launched a swift invasion of Kuwait, quickly overpowering its defences and occupying the country.

2. The Build-Up of Coalition Forces (August 1990 – January 1991):

In response to the invasion, the United Nations imposed economic sanctions on Iraq and called for its withdrawal from Kuwait. Simultaneously, a coalition of forces, led by the United States, began assembling in Saudi Arabia to prepare for military intervention.

3. Operation Desert Shield (August 1990 – January 1991):

This operation aimed to protect Saudi Arabia and deter further Iraqi aggression. Troops from various nations, including the UK and France, were deployed.

4. Operation Desert Storm (January 17 – February 28, 1991):

The coalition launched a massive air campaign against Iraqi forces, followed by a ground offensive. Within 100 hours, coalition forces liberated Kuwait, leading to a swift Iraqi defeat.

5. Aftermath and Consequences:

The Gulf War resulted in significant consequences for Iraq and the region. Saddam Hussein remained in power but faced ongoing sanctions and international isolation. The war also set the stage for future conflicts in the region, including the Iraq War in 2003.

The Impact of the Gulf War

The Gulf War had far-reaching effects on international relations and Middle Eastern politics:

• Changes in Global Politics: The war marked a shift in U.S. foreign policy, highlighting the importance of military intervention in maintaining global stability.
• Humanitarian Consequences: The conflict led to significant loss of life and displacement, particularly among the Iraqi civilian population.
• Economic Repercussions: The war disrupted global oil markets, leading to fluctuations in oil prices that affected economies worldwide.

Conclusion

The Gulf War is an essential topic for GCSE and A-Level history students. Its causes and consequences provide valuable insights into international relations. They also reveal the ongoing struggles for power and resources in the Middle East. Understanding this conflict will help you in your studies. It will also enable you to engage in informed discussions about current events and global politics.

How Apollo Scholars can help

If you’re looking for personalised history tuition in your area to further deepen your understanding, Apollo Scholars can help. We offer expert tutoring in several locations. These include Addlestone, Byfleet, Chertsey, Cobham, Egham, and Esher. We also cover Hersham, Ottershaw, Oxshott, and Shepperton. Additionally, Sunbury-on-Thames, Virginia Water, Walton-on-Thames, West Byfleet, Weybridge and Woking are included. We can help you master the Gulf War and other historical topics, ensuring you excel in your exams.

Book your online or in-person session today here.

Unlock our exclusive resources in our Mission Control hub.