The Napoleonic Code, introduced in 1804, emphasised equality before the law. It also focused on individual rights and property rights. It replaced the feudal legal systems and influenced legal frameworks worldwide, making it one of Napoleon’s most lasting contributions.

Napoleon’s conquests led to significant changes in Europe’s political geography. He dissolved the Holy Roman Empire and reorganised many states, including forming the Confederation of the Rhine. His territorial reshuffling set the stage for the unification of Germany and Italy.

Although Napoleon sought to unite Europe under his rule, his actions often sparked nationalist movements in countries he occupied. His presence inspired resistance and a desire for self-determination. This contributed to the rise of nationalism in places like Spain, Germany and Italy.

The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon and the Catholic Church. It restored the Church’s position in France after the Revolution. It helped to stabilise relations between the state and the Church. The agreement ensured religious tolerance. It reinforced Napoleon’s control over France.

Napoleon’s legacy is a subject of ongoing debate. He is admired for his military and political genius. However, people criticise him for his authoritarian rule and the wars he waged across Europe. His reforms, particularly the Napoleonic Code, have had a lasting influence on modern legal systems.